Tooth sensitivity is a common dental concern that can cause a sudden, temporary discomfort when you eat or drink something hot, cold, sweet, or acidic. It can also occur when brushing or cleaning between your teeth.

Although occasional sensitivity may be minor, persistent or worsening sensitivity can sometimes indicate an underlying dental problem that should be evaluated.

What Is Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, occurs when the inner layers of a tooth become more exposed to external stimuli.

Healthy enamel and gum tissue normally protect the more sensitive parts of your teeth. When enamel wears away or gums recede, the underlying dentin may become exposed and allow sensations to reach the nerve more easily.

What Does Tooth Sensitivity Feel Like?

Tooth sensitivity often causes a short, sharp sensation that occurs when the tooth is exposed to a particular trigger.

• Cold drinks or foods
• Hot foods or beverages
• Sweet foods
• Acidic foods and drinks
• Cold air
• Brushing or flossing
• Dental cleanings or other dental procedures

The discomfort may last only a few seconds, although more persistent pain should be assessed by a dental professional.

What Causes Tooth Sensitivity?

There are several possible causes of sensitive teeth. Identifying the cause is important because sensitivity may sometimes be a symptom of another dental problem.

• Enamel erosion
• Gum recession
• Aggressive brushing
• Tooth decay
• Cracked or damaged teeth
• Worn dental fillings
• Teeth grinding or clenching
• Acidic foods and drinks
• Recent dental treatment

Enamel Erosion

Enamel is the hard outer layer that protects your teeth. It can gradually wear away when exposed to acids from foods, drinks, stomach acid, or other sources.

As enamel becomes thinner, the underlying dentin can become more exposed and increase sensitivity.

Gum Recession

Gums normally protect the roots of your teeth. When gums recede, the root surfaces can become exposed.

Unlike the crown of the tooth, the root does not have the same protective layer of enamel. Exposed roots can therefore be more sensitive to hot, cold, sweet, and acidic foods and drinks.

Aggressive Brushing

Brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can contribute to gum irritation, gum recession, and enamel wear.

Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle pressure when brushing. Effective cleaning does not require aggressive scrubbing.

Tooth Decay & Sensitivity

A cavity can sometimes cause sensitivity, particularly when the tooth is exposed to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.

If sensitivity is limited to one tooth or becomes increasingly painful, it is important to have the tooth examined to determine whether decay or another problem may be responsible.

Cracked Teeth

A cracked tooth can sometimes cause sensitivity or discomfort when chewing or when exposed to temperature changes.

Because cracks can be difficult to see, persistent sensitivity or pain in a particular tooth should be evaluated by your dentist.

Teeth Grinding & Sensitivity

Bruxism, or teeth grinding and clenching, can place excessive forces on the teeth. Over time, this may contribute to enamel wear, small cracks, or other changes that increase sensitivity.

If you grind or clench your teeth, your dental professional can assess your teeth for signs of wear and discuss ways to protect them.

Tooth Sensitivity After Dental Treatment

Some sensitivity can occur temporarily after certain dental procedures, including fillings, crowns, professional cleanings, or teeth whitening.

This sensitivity often improves with time. However, if discomfort persists, becomes severe, or gets worse, contact your dental professional for an evaluation.

How Can Tooth Sensitivity Be Treated?

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of your sensitivity. Your dentist will first determine whether the sensitivity is related to enamel wear, gum recession, decay, a cracked tooth, or another condition.

Depending on the cause, treatment may include:

• Desensitizing toothpaste
• Fluoride treatments
• Protective dental restorations
• Treatment for tooth decay
• Management of gum recession
• Changes to brushing technique
• Management of teeth grinding

Desensitizing Toothpaste

Toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth contains ingredients that can help reduce the transmission of sensations through the tooth.

These products may require regular use before you notice a significant improvement. If sensitivity continues despite using a desensitizing toothpaste, your dentist should evaluate the tooth or teeth involved.

Fluoride Treatments

Fluoride can strengthen tooth enamel and help protect areas that have become more vulnerable to sensitivity.

Your dental professional may recommend a professional fluoride treatment or a higher-fluoride product depending on your individual needs.

Tips for Managing Sensitive Teeth

Simple changes to your daily oral hygiene routine can help reduce sensitivity and protect your teeth.

• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Brush gently rather than applying excessive pressure.
• Use fluoride toothpaste.
• Clean between your teeth every day.
• Limit frequent exposure to acidic foods and drinks.
• Avoid extremely hot or cold foods if they trigger discomfort.
• Do not brush immediately after consuming highly acidic foods or drinks.
• Wear a recommended night guard if teeth grinding is contributing to sensitivity.

Acidic Foods & Tooth Sensitivity

Frequent exposure to acidic foods and drinks can contribute to enamel erosion and increase the risk of sensitivity.

Common acidic beverages include soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, and fruit juices. Limiting these beverages and choosing water more often can help protect your enamel.

When Should You See a Dentist?

Occasional mild sensitivity may not be a cause for concern, but persistent, severe, or worsening sensitivity should be evaluated.

Contact your dentist if you experience:

• Persistent tooth sensitivity
• Severe or increasing pain
• Sensitivity affecting only one tooth
• Pain when biting or chewing
• Visible cracks or damage
• Swelling around a tooth
• Sensitivity that does not improve with home care

Can Tooth Sensitivity Be Prevented?

Not every cause of tooth sensitivity can be prevented, but good oral hygiene and healthy habits can reduce your risk.

• Brush twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.
• Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.
• Avoid brushing too aggressively.
• Clean between your teeth daily.
• Limit sugary and acidic foods and drinks.
• Wear a mouthguard during recommended sports activities.
• Manage teeth grinding when necessary.
• Maintain regular dental examinations.

Protect Your Teeth From Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity is often manageable once the underlying cause has been identified. Good oral hygiene, fluoride, appropriate brushing techniques, and regular dental care can all help protect your teeth.

If you are experiencing tooth sensitivity, the team at Scarborough Village Dental Care can determine what may be causing it and recommend appropriate treatment to help keep your smile comfortable and healthy.